rum —
Ralink Technology USB IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network
  device
The rum driver supports USB 2.0 wireless adapters based
  on the Ralink RT2501USB and RT2601USB chipsets.
The RT2501USB chipset is the second generation of 802.11a/b/g
    adapters from Ralink. It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2571W
    MAC/BBP and an RT2528 or RT5226 radio transceiver.
The RT2601USB chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2671
    MAC/BBP and an RT2527 or RT5225 radio transceiver. This chipset uses the
    MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with multiple antennas to
    extend the operating range of the adapter and to achieve higher throughput.
    MIMO is the basis of the forthcoming IEEE 802.11n standard.
These are the modes the rum driver can
    operate in:
  - BSS mode
- Also known as infrastructure mode, this is used when
      associating with an access point, through which all traffic passes. This
      mode is the default.
- IBSS mode
- Also known as IEEE ad-hoc mode or
      peer-to-peer mode. This is the standardized method of
      operating without an access point. Stations associate with a service set.
      However, actual connections between stations are peer-to-peer.
- Host AP
- In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) for other
      cards.
- monitor mode
- In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating
      with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and
      enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't
      normally have access to, or to scan for access points.
The rum driver can be configured to use
    Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and
    WPA2-PSK). WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. It
    is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure
    wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it.
The rum driver can be configured at runtime with
  ifconfig(8) or on boot with
  ifconfig.if(5) using the
  following parameters:
  - bssidbssid
- Set the desired BSSID.
- -bssid
- Unset the desired BSSID. The interface will automatically select a BSSID
      in this mode, which is the default.
- chann
- Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver based on the
      given channel ID n.
- -chan
- Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver. The driver will
      automatically select a channel in this mode, which is the default.
- mediamedia
- The rumdriver supports the following
      media types:
      - autoselect
- Enable autoselection of the media type and options.
- DS1
- Set 802.11b DS 1Mbps operation.
- DS2
- Set 802.11b DS 2Mbps operation.
- DS5
- Set 802.11b DS 5.5Mbps operation.
- DS11
- Set 802.11b DS 11Mbps operation.
- OFDM6
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 6Mbps operation.
- OFDM9
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 9Mbps operation.
- OFDM12
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 12Mbps operation.
- OFDM18
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 18Mbps operation.
- OFDM24
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 24Mbps operation.
- OFDM36
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 36Mbps operation.
- OFDM48
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 48Mbps operation.
- OFDM54
- Set 802.11a/g OFDM 54Mbps operation.
 
- mediaoptopts
- The rumdriver supports the following media
      options:
      - hostap
- Select Host AP operation.
- ibss
- Select IBSS operation.
- monitor
- Select monitor mode.
 
- -mediaoptopts
- Disable the specified media options on the driver and return it to the
      default mode of operation (BSS).
- modemode
- The rumdriver supports the following modes:
      - 11a
- Force 802.11a operation.
- 11b
- Force 802.11b operation.
- 11g
- Force 802.11g operation.
 
- nwidid
- Set the network ID. The id can either be any text
      string up to 32 characters in length, or a series of hexadecimal digits up
      to 64 digits. An empty id string allows the
      interface to connect to any available access points. By default the
      rumdriver uses an empty string. Note that network
      ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID).
- nwkeykey
- Enable WEP encryption using the specified key. The
      key can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal
      digits (preceded by ‘0x’), or a set of keys of the form
      “n:k1,k2,k3,k4”, where ‘n’ specifies which of
      the keys will be used for transmitted packets, and the four keys,
      “k1” through “k4”, are configured as WEP keys.
      If a set of keys is specified, a comma (‘,’) within the key
      must be escaped with a backslash. Note that if multiple keys are used,
      their order must be the same within the network.
      rumis capable of using both 40-bit (5 characters
      or 10 hexadecimal digits) or 104-bit (13 characters or 26 hexadecimal
      digits) keys.
- -nwkey
- Disable WEP encryption. This is the default mode of operation.
The following firmware file is loaded when an interface is brought up:
  - /libdata/firmware/rum/rum-rt2573
-  
 
See firmload(9) for how to
  change this.
The following adapters should work:
  - Airlink101 AWLL5025
-  
- ASUS WL-167g ver 2
-  
- Belkin F5D7050 ver 3
-  
- Belkin F5D9050 ver 3
-  
- CNet CWD-854 ver F
-  
- Conceptronic C54RU ver 2
-  
- D-Link DWL-G122 rev C1
-  
- D-Link WUA-1340
-  
- Edimax EW-7318USG
-  
- Gigabyte GN-WB01GS
-  
- Hawking HWUG1
-  
- LevelOne WNC-0301USB
-  
- Linksys WUSB54G rev C
-  
- Planex GW-USMM
-  
- Senao NUB-3701
-  
- Sitecom WL-113 ver 2
-  
- Sitecom WL-172
-  
- Synet MW-P54SS
-  
- TP-LINK TL-WN321G
-  
 
The following ifconfig.if(5)
  example configures rum0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using
  WEP key “0x1deadbeef1”, channel 11:
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
 
The following
    ifconfig.if(5) example
    creates a host-based access point on boot:
inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media autoselect \
	mediaopt hostap nwid my_net chan 11
 
Configure rum0 for WEP, using hex key
    “0x1deadbeef1”:
# ifconfig rum0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1
 
Return rum0 to its default settings:
# ifconfig rum0 -bssid -chan media autoselect \
	nwid "" -nwkey
 
Join an existing BSS network, “my_net”:
# ifconfig rum0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
 
  - rum%d: failed loadfirmware of file %s
- For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the
      filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.
- rum%d: could not load 8051 microcode
- An error occurred while attempting to upload the microcode to the onboard
      8051 microcontroller unit.
- rum%d: device timeout
- A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in
      time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.
Therum driver first appeared in NetBSD
  4.0 and OpenBSD 4.0.
The rum driver supports automatic control of the
  transmit speed in BSS mode only. Therefore the use of a
  rum adapter in Host AP mode is discouraged.
The Synet MW-P54SS USB Wireless Broadband Router first attaches as
    a virtual cd(4) device on the
    umass(4) mass storage bus. It
    will re-attach with this driver after using
    eject(1) on the corresponding
    device.